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Geography of Egypt:

Egypt borders on Libya, Sudan, Israel, has a maritime border with Saudi Arabia and Jordan.

Bordered on the north by the Mediterranean Sea in the east - the Red Sea. Egypt belongs to the largest man-made canal - Suez Canal, which connects the Mediterranean and Red Sea.

The relief of the country is mostly flat. Mountain (less than 2000 m above sea level), which is dedicated to the country's highest point Mount Catherine (2642 m), located in the south of the Sinai Peninsula, and the medium-high mountain range Etbay (up to 1000 m above sea level) stretches along the entire coast of the Red Sea (the highest peaks Shaibu el Banat - 2187 m and Hamata - 1977 m). Plateau Libyan and Arabian deserts separated by the valley of the Nile.

The political system of Egypt:

Presidential-parliamentary republic. The head of state - the president, the legislature at the National Assembly.

History:

The population of the territory of the ancient people of the state of the planet began relatively late - in the X-VI millennium BC. But in the V millennium BC farming spread here, which became the economic foundation of the Egyptian power, originally consisted of 40 city-states. Around the middle of the VI millennium BC are formed two kingdoms, united around 3000 BC in a single state. In the XVI-XV centuries BC ancient Egypt experienced an extraordinary boom, owning large areas of present-day Turkey to Ethiopia. Grueling constant wars with their neighbors gradually led him to decline, and then to death. In the VI century BC, Egypt became an easy prey to Persia, and in the IV century BC - Alexander of Macedon. After the death of a great commander in the Nile Valley has established a Greek dynasty of the Ptolemies. It has strengthened the country and helped her to remain independent for centuries. In the I century BC, Rome made Egypt their province. After the collapse of Roman power in the late VI century BC, Egypt became part of the Byzantine Empire and remained under its control until the VII century.


Tropical continental desert with sharp daily fluctuations in temperature. In deserts, daytime temperatures can reach 50 ° C, and at night drop to 0 ° C. The cool season in Upper Egypt (south of Cairo) lasts from December to February. In April and May, when out of the Sahara desert for about 50 days of hot dry wind blows khamsin, frequent sandstorms. The relative humidity is increased in July, when the flood of the Nile begins.

In Lower Egypt (north of Cairo), especially in the coastal strip, the climate is predominantly subtropical Mediterranean. The cool season lasts from October to April. In a narrow strip of Mediterranean frequent rains. Summer begins in May and is accompanied by a significant increase in relative humidity.

Precipitation rare and irregular. The average annual rainfall in most parts of the country less than 100 mm (28 mm near Cairo), and in the north of ca. 200 mm (in Alexandria - 190 mm), but in some years up to 400 mm.

Language of Egypt:
Official Language: Arabic

They say the Egyptians in the Egyptian dialect of Arabic. In the cities are widespread English and French. The population of some of the oases in the west of the country speaks Berber.

Religion of Egypt:

94% of Egyptians are Muslim Sunni. Approximately 6% of believers are Coptic Christians.

Currency of Egypt:
International name: EGP

The Egyptian pound is divided into 100 piastres (PT). Local money has the following advantage: Egyptian pound notes: 100, 50, 20, 10, 5, 1 piastre notes 50, 25; coins: 20, 10, 5. The papers are almost identical in size and because it is easy to confuse them, especially the 50 piastres and 50 pounds. So be careful!

Pieces of eight are peculiar form:
 5 piastres, "silver" with an eagle, nickel or a vase with the pyramids.
 10 piastres, "silver" with an eagle or a mosque, the mosque nickel.
 20 piastres, "silver" with an eagle or a mosque.
 25 piastres, "silver" with a hole in the middle.

Egyptian Pound freely exchanged for dollars and other convertible currency at banks, hotels, exchange offices, airports. At the same time to present the documents is not necessary. Commission for the exchange is not taken. Avoid street money changers! After exchanging a must recalculate the amount and check the current exchange rate with the indicated in the receipt.

Banks are taking any kind of exchange, checks, major credit cards.

The hotels can pay major international credit cards. And often take the dollar, but counting is thus in favor of the seller.

Visa:
Lite mode of entry

When traveling on vacation in Egypt, your passport must be valid for at least 3 months. Visa for tourists for up to one month issued upon arrival at the airport, there is taken the visa fee. Visas can be obtained in advance at the Egyptian embassy. ...
Customs Regulations:

Can not be exported from Egypt corals, sea shells, stuffed crocodiles, ivory. In the case of acquisition of data items as souvenirs to show the check from the store.

Be declared camcorder (cameras and accessories are not required). Two liters of alcoholic drinks and 24 cans of beer, tourists can purchase during their stay in Egypt in the duty free shops located in all major tourist centers. Mark the purchase of alcoholic beverages is affixed in the passport of the buyer, and you can only buy alcohol for 24 hours after arrival.

Duty-free importation of personal effects, 250 grams of tobacco or 50 cigars, and a liter of alcohol.


The Consular Section
Address: Moscow, Kropotkin lane., 12
Phone: 246-30-96, 246-02-34, 246-30-80
fax: 246-10-64
Tourist Office: 134-40-83. Fax: 134-95-70

Russian Mission of Egypt:

The Consular Section
Location: Cairo, Cairo, Dokki, Giza str., 95, Egypt
Phone: (8-10-202) 761-4511
fax: 761-4512
www.egypt.mid.ru/

consulate-general
Location: Alexandria, Saba-Pacha, Tag-Roussa str. 9, Alexandria, Egypt
Phone: (8-10-203) 583-3534
fax: (8-10-203) 583-2811
www.consul-alexandria.ru


Mains voltage:
  220V

Tips:

Tips for small services are called "baksheesh." The size of it, usually within a pound. Baksheesh decided to give the boy who is opening your car door, the hotel clerk, who brought you the suitcase (it is common practice), self-styled guide to the ancient temple, maids (daily or about 10 LE per week), cleaners in toilets 50 piastres, support staff (1 - 2 LE), whose help the visitor in some way went beyond its direct duties, or when they were executed very well.

In restaurants, the waiter leaves the change in size from one to five pounds, rounding the total bill. The attendants at museums and churches, the owners of camels, the tactics of their relationship with visitors and build based on the baksheesh. You should not offer tips to those who by their profession, whose social position is with you on equal terms.

Some Egyptians demanding money for what they photographed.

Cuisine:

Raspolagayas at the crossroads of Africa and Asia, Egypt can offer many delicious and original. Egyptian cuisine has absorbed the serves of other Eastern countries, Egypt under the Egyptian chefs have adapted recipes taste of Turkish, Lebanese, Syrian and Greek cuisine. Common national dishes are prepared with plenty of fresh, ripe fruits and vegetables, and seasoned with a little spice, although Egyptian dishes are rarely severe.

Each meal must serve the bread, which is called «aish». Traditional bread «aish baladi» (baladiysky bread) - round and flavorful cake made of wholemeal flour, boneless in the ground wheat. It is divided in half, as the Greek pita, and filled with various fillings. And of course, it is neot'emlennoy part of mezze - appetizers, which can be ordered in many restaurants. Dip the slices of bread in the baba ghannuugh (eggplant dip with olive oil and garlic), hummus (chickpea paste) and tahina (sesame seed paste). Then try to hot or cold wara inab - rolls of grape leaves stuffed with minced meat and rice. And eat different salads: torshi (a salad of pickled vegetables) and tabulah (salad with bulgur, parsley, tomatoes and onions, seasoned with lemon juice and olive oil). Perhaps, after such other food snacks can not be ordered.

Along with the bread in the daily diet consists of beans, fuul. Prepare them in different ways, such as fuul midamess, when the beans are boiled with vegetables and bean puree made with tomatoes, onions and spices. This dish is served with eggs for breakfast, but without eggs - for lunch or dinner. You can buy bread stuffed with Fuul bins on the street.
 Chickpeas and kidney beans is included in many national dishes, they grind or pound to a paste and add in the tahini, and hummus with lots of garlic.

There is no Egyptian meal without rice and bread. Most Egyptians use the meat in small quantities, and prepare it with vegetables and served with rice. With lamb or beef made torly, vegetable stew with onions, marjoram and lemon juice. Very popular kofta - meatballs of ground beef with spices and onions, which are put on skewers served with traditional side dishes: rice, lentils, greens, tomato salad, tahini sauce and bread.

Due to the proximity of the Red Sea in the Egyptian cuisine meets a wide variety of fish dishes. The most common dish in restaurants - fish platter. A lot of specialized fish restaurants. In addition to the usual bass, try shrimp (hambari), squid (calamari), scallops (gandofli) and eel (tibaan). Tender meat of eel, fried in deep fat, you can easily buy from street vendors

Shopping:

In the East, decided to trade, and the harder you are going to insist on its price, the more respect you will refer to.

There are no specific hours of shopping there. In winter shops are generally open from 9.00 am to 20.00 with a lunch break of at least 12.00 to 14.00. Supermarkets are usually open longer. In the summer lunch, usually lasts from 14.00 to 16.00. Many shops are closed only 21.00-22.00. Banking hours: from 8.30 to 14.00, some up to 20:00, bureaux de change in airports - around the clock, Friday and Saturday - the weekend.

main important historical sites and museums are open daily from 9 to 18 hours. During Ramadan, they can work less: to open later and close earlier. Administrative agencies often do not work on Fridays, and some shops - on Sundays.

Safety:

Requires the usual precautions against thieves: to wear a purse, belt and look for the photo-video equipment and bags.

Country Code: 20

Geographic domain name is the first level:. Eg

Medicine:

The most common health problems among tourists - little trouble with my stomach because of the presence of water and eating bacteria, to which the visitor has not yet developed immunity, and various forms of malaise due to careless attitude to the scorching sun and heat.

Emergency numbers:

126 - tourist police
  123 - state "emergency" aid
  125 - Fire Service
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